HIV PCR Test (Quantitative -For Conclusive Diagnosis)

HIV PCR Test Description

The HIV PCR test (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a highly specialized diagnostic tool that detects HIV genetic material (RNA or DNA) directly, bypassing the need for antibody detection. Unlike antibody-based tests, PCR identifies the virus itself, making it critical for early diagnosis and monitoring125.

How HIV PCR Test Works

PCR amplifies specific HIV genetic sequences (RNA or DNA) to detectable levels. For example:

1. RNA Detection: Used for viral load monitoring in adults, quantifying HIV copies per milliliter (copies/mL). Results below 50 copies/mL are considered undetectable15.

2. DNA Detection: Employed for early infant diagnosis (EID) in newborns born to HIV-positive mothers, as maternal antibodies can transfer to infants, complicating antibody tests.

Utility of HIV PCR Test.

1. Early Infant Diagnosis (EID)
PCR is the gold standard for detecting HIV in infants under 18 months. Maternal antibodies can persist in infants for up to 18 months, making antibody tests unreliable. PCR directly identifies HIV DNA/RNA, enabling timely antiretroviral therapy (ART)34.

2. Acute HIV Infection
PCR detects HIV RNA before antibodies develop (seroconversion window period), aiding diagnosis in individuals with flu-like symptoms (e.g., fever, rash) after exposure37.

3. Resolving Indeterminate Results
Used to clarify inconclusive antibody test results (e.g., western blot).

4. Blood Donor Screening
PCR ensures donated blood is HIV-free, reducing transmission risks.

Indications of the HIV PCR Test

Patient Preparation/Instructions

No fasting or specific preparation is required. However:

• Sample Collection: Blood is drawn via venipuncture (arm) or heel/toe prick for infants48.

• Specimen Handling:

  • Venous Blood: Use EDTA tubes to prevent clotting34.

  • Dried Blood Spots (DBS): Prick heel/toe/finger; fill pre-printed circles on cards4.

• Universal Precautions: Treat all specimens as biohazardous46.

Typical Reference Values

Results are qualitative:

• Positive: HIV RNA/DNA detected.

• Negative: No HIV genetic material found.

• Invalid: Interfering substances; recollection required

Turnaround Time

Results typically take 2–5 days, depending on laboratory workload

Key Considerations

• False Negatives: Possible if tested too early post-exposure. Retest after 3 months if high-risk

• Viral Load Monitoring: PCR quantifies HIV RNA to assess ART efficacy

• DBS Advantages: Simplifies infant testing in resource-limited settings

Ordering the HIV PCR Test in Kenya

1. Click “Order Test” and add to cart.

2. Checkout: Schedule a blood draw at a partner lab.

3. Results: Available online or via SMS/email.

Note: For routine screening, use HIV Rapid Test or OraQuick Self-Test. PCR is reserved for specialized cases