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Overview
The Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) test in synovial fluid is a diagnostic tool used primarily to assess the presence of tuberculosis (TB) arthritis. Elevated levels of ADA in synovial fluid can indicate an active TB infection, helping differentiate it from other types of arthritis.
Description of Adenosine Deaminase Test
- Purpose: The test measures the activity of adenosine deaminase in synovial fluid, which is often elevated in cases of TB arthritis.
- Methodology: Typically performed using colorimetric or enzymatic assays, the results are expressed in units per litre (U/L).
Indications for Testing:
- Suspected Tuberculosis Arthritis: The test is indicated for patients with joint effusions and clinical symptoms suggestive of TB infection.
- Differential Diagnosis: Helps distinguish between TB arthritis and other forms of septic or inflammatory arthritis.
Reference Values
- Cut-off Levels: Studies suggest that ADA levels above 30 to 76 U/L may indicate TB arthritis, with varying sensitivities and specificities reported:
- Sensitivity: Ranges from 83% to 100%
- Specificity: Ranges from 67% to 100%
Elevated ADA levels (>76 U/L) in the absence of bacterial culture growth are highly suggestive of TB arthritis.
Clinical Significance
- The ADA test is particularly useful because it provides a rapid diagnostic option compared to traditional culture methods, which can take longer to yield results.
- High sensitivity and specificity make it a valuable tool in clinical settings, especially in regions where TB is endemic.
Sample Collection
- Specimen Type: Synovial fluid obtained via arthrocentesis (joint aspiration).
- Volume: A minimum volume of approximately 1 mL is typically required.
- Transport Conditions: The sample should be kept sterile and transported at room temperature.
Turnaround Time
Results for the ADA test in synovial fluid are generally available within 4 hours to a few days, depending on the laboratory’s processing capabilities.
Ordering the Adenosine Deaminase Test in Kenya
To order the ADA test for synovial fluid, please click the ‘Order Test’ button and add it to your cart. The test is available at our main lab located in the Hurligham area, Kilimani. Adenosine deaminase test is also available through out the country in collaboration with our partners.