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Cortisol Level, Serum (Morning /Evening/Random)
The serum cortisol test measures the level of cortisol, a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, in the blood. Cortisol plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including the response to stress, regulation of metabolism, and maintenance of blood pressure. It is often referred to as the “stress hormone” due to its involvement in the body’s fight-or-flight response.
Indications of the Test
This test is typically ordered to evaluate adrenal gland function and diagnose conditions such as:
- Cushing’s Syndrome: Characterized by excessive cortisol levels.
- Addison’s Disease: A condition where cortisol production is insufficient.
- Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency: Occurs when the pituitary gland does not produce enough adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), leading to low cortisol levels.
Patient Preparation/Instructions
- Timing: The test is usually performed in the morning (around 8 a.m.) when cortisol levels are at their peak. A second sample may be taken in the afternoon (around 4 p.m.) to assess the diurnal variation in cortisol levels.
- Fasting: Generally, fasting is not required, but patients may be advised to avoid certain medications that can affect cortisol levels, such as estrogen-containing drugs and synthetic glucocorticoids.
- Collection Instructions: Blood should be drawn from a vein, and the specimen must be collected in a serum gel or red-top tube. The sample should be centrifuged and aliquoted into a plastic vial within two hours of collection.
Typical Reference Values
Normal cortisol levels can vary but are generally as follows:
- Morning (8 a.m.): 5 to 25 micrograms per deciliter (mcg/dL)
- Afternoon (4 p.m.): 3 to 10 mcg/dL
These values may differ slightly based on the laboratory and specific testing methods used.
Turnaround Time
Results from the serum cortisol test are typically available within 1 to 3 days, depending on the laboratory processing time.
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